A head-to-toe physical examination can be performed prior to EMS arriving on the scene. This assessment is a logical progression which may help identify underlying medical or traumatic concerns. In most cases, help will be there before you get the opportunity to perform this assessment. Listen to the patient's specific complaints. This is another time to obtain pertinent medical history. Your questions should include: What were you doing at the time of injury? Do you remember the accident? Are you allergic to any medications? Do you have any medical conditions?

With gloved hands, start at the patient's head and work down in a orderly fashion. Inspect and feel for the following signs of injury; swelling, deformity, pain or tenderness, or any open wounds. You should continue to monitor the ABC's and evaluate your patient for any changes in consciousness, skin color or discomfort.